Visuals: Social affairs and population

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Maps

Arctic States

The map illustrates countries and territories in the Arctic circumpolar region, as well as selected population centres located within the Arctic Circle with more than 1,000 inhabitants. The North Water Polynya and Hans Island are both shown. There are significantly more larger population centres located within the Arctic Circle in Russia than in any other country or territory.
Read the HillStudy: The Arctic: Organizations Involved in Circumpolar Cooperation (2026)

 

Rouyn-Noranda Census Agglomeration and Population Centre Overlap

This map illustrates the census agglomeration of Rouyn-Noranda in Quebec and the population centres found within and outside its limits.

Red Deer Census Metropolitan Area and Population Centre Overlap

This map illustrates the population centre and census metropolitan area of Red Deer in Alberta

Kamloops Census Metropolitan Area and Population Centre Overlap

This map illustrates the census metropolitan area of Kamloops in British Columbia and the population centres found within and outside its limits.
Read the HillNote: Mapping Canada’s Urban and Rural Landscape (2025)

 

Infographics

Other Federal Legislation with Disability-Related Provisions

The table provides a non-exhaustive list of other federal legislation with disability-related provisions enacted across several policy areas. Consult text version below the table for detailed information.
Read the HillNote: Federal and International Legislative Protections for People with Disabilities: Where We Are Today (2025)

 

Specific Rights of Persons in Immigration Detention

The infographic presents the rights of persons placed in immigration detention.

Read the HillNote: Immigration Detention in Canada (2025)

 

Key Federal Income Support Programs

An infographic outlining key federal income support programs: the Canada Child Benefit, the Goods and Services Tax/Harmonized Sales Tax (GST/HST) Credit, the Canada Workers’ Benefit, Employment Insurance, Old Age Security, and the Canada Pension Plan. For more information, see the text version below the image.
Read the HillNote: Poverty Reduction Efforts in Canada (2025)

 

Black History Month and Black Representation in Canadian Politics: Key Events
Read the HillNote: Black History Month: Key Dates and Key Figures (2025)

 

Timeline of United Nations Gender Equality Mechanisms and Canadian Actions

This timeline highlights key milestones in international and Canadian efforts toward gender equality. On one side, it depicts major initiatives undertaken or endorsed by the United Nations, including non-binding declarations and development goals, as well as binding conventions. On the other side are the corresponding Canadian responses and actions, including the ratification of international agreements, as well as laws and policies enacted at a national level to respond to Canada’s international obligations. More information on each of the milestones is available in the linked table that follows the figure.

 

 

 
Read the HillNote: The International Framework for Gender Equality (2025)

 

Key Actors Supporting Federally Assisted Housing Co-ops

This infographic depicts the principal actors involved in the federally assisted co-op housing sector in Canada and highlights their key responsibilities and interrelationships. More details can be found by clicking on the long description below the image. Long description: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (federal crown corporation, established 1946) - provides grants, loans, mortgage insurance and operating agreements to co-ops; - collaborates with the Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada on initiatives such as the Co-operative Housing Development Program; - oversees the Agency for Co-operative Housing and contracts services with them for federal co-ops; and - funds the Community Housing Transformation Centre and contracts community housing support services. Infrastructure Canada - provides policy and program direction and oversight to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. - Agency for Co-operative Housing (arms-length agency incorporated as a co-op, established 2005) - assists and oversees co-ops and delivers certain federal funding to them; - reports to the Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada on performance and financials; and - reports to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation on performance and financials. Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada (independent non-profit organization, established 1968) - contributed to founding the ACH and appoints board directors; - provides information resources and capacity-building to co-ops; - provides information resources and capacity-building to regional co-op federations; - collaborates with Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation on initiatives such as the Co-operative Housing Development Program; - collaborates with Infrastructure Canada on initiatives such as the Co-operative Housing Development Program - collaborates with the Community Housing Transformation Centre on grants and other programs. Community Housing Transformation Centre (network of non-profit community organizations, established 2018) - provides information resources, capacity-building and grants to co-ops; and - collaborates with the Co-operative Housing Federation of Canada on grants and other programs. Co-ops - report to the Agency for Co-operative Housing. Regional federations - provide resources and capacity-building to co-ops.

Federal Support for Co-op Housing: Key Programs and Events

This figure depicts a timeline for key events and programs in the development of housing co-ops in Canada between 1973 and 2024. Unit counts are approximate as they exclude 1,003 units which were no longer under portfolio administration at the time of data collection. More details can be found by clicking on the long description below the image.

Read the HillNote: Co-operative Housing in Canada (2024)

 

Period Poverty in Canada

This infographic explains what period poverty is and how it is experienced by Canadians who menstruate. For more information, see the text version.

Overview of Menstruation in Canada

Menstruation typically begins between the ages of 10 and 14 and ends at menopause, around 50 years of age. Menstruators spend an average of six years menstruating over the course of their lifetime. Menstruators use around ten to twenty disposable menstrual products each cycle, amounting to 5,000–10,000 products over their lifetime, which creates approximately four hundred pounds of disposable period product packaging waste. Reusable products, like menstrual cups, cost less than disposable products and produce less waste. Canadians who menstruate spend up to $6,000 dollars in their lifetimes on menstrual products, with those living in remote and northern communities spending twice as much.
Read the HillNote: Improving Equitable Access to Menstrual Products in Canada (2023)

 

Key Considerations for Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy in Canada

The key considerations for using psychedelic-assisted therapy in Canada include the research landscape, the legal landscape, a psychotherapy component, patient vulnerability and safety, and equity in access.
Read the HillNote: Psychedelic-Assisted Therapy: The Canadian Landscape (2023)

 

Housing Supply and Demand

This figure illustrates the impact of proposals that increase housing supply and demand by comparing the equilibrium prices and quantities before and after the implementation of the proposals. Housing supply is represented graphically as an upward-sloping curve with price on the vertical axis and quantity on the horizontal axis, depicting the positive relationship between the price and the quantity supplied. Housing demand is represented graphically as a downward-sloping curve, depicting the negative relationship between the price and the quantity demanded. The equilibrium price and quantity are determined by the intersection of the housing supply and demand curves, i.e., the price and quantity at which the quantity supplied and the quantity demanded are equal. The figure shows that a rightward shift in supply reduces the price of a home by $50,000 from $500,000 to $450,000, and it increases the quantity of homes by 1,000 homes, from 10,000 to 11,000 homes. A rightward shift in demand increases the price of a home by $50,000, from $500,000 to $550,000, and it increases the quantity of homes by 1,000 homes, from 10,000 to 11,000 homes. The figure also presents the main determinants of housing supply and demand between the illustration of a potential buyer and a home. The main determinants of housing supply are land and construction costs, geographical constraints such as oceans and mountains, and municipal land-use planning restrictions. The main determinants of demand are the buyers’ borrowing capacity, buyers’ income, employment, population growth and tax measures that increase the after-tax return of homeownership compared to other investments.
Read the HillNote: A Supply-and-Demand Perspective on Housing Affordability (2022)

 

Women in Parliament: Selected Highlights over 100 Years

This infographic illustrates some notable firsts for women in Canada’s Parliament over the past 100 years. Notable highlights include the first woman, Agnes Campbell Macphail, elected to the House of Commons in 1921. In addition, various firsts for women with intersecting identities in Parliament are shown, such as the appointment of the first Black person, the Honourable Anne C. Cools, to the Senate in 1984. The infographic also shows increased proportions of women represented in both chambers over time. Representation of women reached 5% in the Senate in 1953, and a similar percentage was attained in the House of Commons in 1980. In 2021, women’s representation in Parliament reached 49% in the Senate and 30% in the House of Commons.

Read the HillNote: Women in the Parliament of Canada: 100 Years of Representation (2021)

 

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women

This infographic illustrates selected examples of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women at both the Canada-wide and global levels. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women is examined in three areas: the increase in unpaid care work, a responsibility that falls disproportionately on women compared to men; the high rate of employment loss, which was felt to a greater extent by women than men; and the increasing rate of burnout among health care workers, the majority of whom are women. Some notable statistics of the pandemic’s impact on women are as follows: in Canada, among parents providing support to their children with schoolwork during the pandemic, 64% were women; globally, employment loss during the pandemic (in 2020, compared to 2019) was 5% for women versus 3.9% for men; and the rate of severe burnout among health care workers in Canada rose from between 30% and 40% in spring 2020 to 60% in spring 2021.

Read the HillNote: Gender Considerations and the COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)

 

Overview of Refugee Protection Claims Process in Canada

As outlined in this paper, the refugee determination process in Canada begins with claim eligibility and applicant admissibility screening. Claims for refugee protection that are eligible to be heard proceed to a hearing. Some decisions are subject to judicial review, as discussed in this paper. If a claim for refugee protection is accepted, the applicant may apply for permanent residence. If the claim for refugee protection is rejected, the applicant can: be subject to a removal order and appeal that order to the Immigration Appeal Division; request a pre-removal risk assessment; or apply for permanent residence on humanitarian and compassionate grounds.
Read the Background Paper: Refugee Protection in Canada (2020)