(Disponible en français : Résumé – La répartition des revenus et des dépenses du gouvernement fédéral par province) The federal government collects revenues and makes expenditures in all provinces. Per capita federal revenues and spending vary from province to province, depending on the economic and demographic conditions in each province. Sources of federal revenues include personal…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – L’agriculture biologique au Canada) In 2017, organic agriculture in Canada was a C$5.4 billion market. This model of agriculture emerged out of a collection of schools of thought and agrarian movements that opposed the industrialization of agriculture in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In Canada, organic agriculture appeared in the 1950s, but it was not…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – Les peuples autochtones et la détermination de la peine au Canada) Indigenous people are incarcerated at a much higher rate than non-Indigenous individuals in Canada, and the gap between the incarceration rates for these two groups continues to grow. The problem of the overincarceration of Indigenous people has been…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – La détermination de la peine au Canada) The appropriate sentence for a crime is a hotly contested topic. Some people feel that more weight should be given to the objectives of deterrence and punishment, while others want to focus on rehabilitation, for example. While judicial discretion is an essential…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – Les langues officielles et le Parlement) In the Canadian parliamentary context, English and French enjoy equality of status and use. In fact, there are a number of constitutional and legislative provisions governing the use of both official languages in Parliament. These provisions, which have evolved over the course of…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – L’insécurité alimentaire dans le Nord canadien : aperçu) Food insecurity is generally defined as a situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food. In 2017–2018, 12.7% of Canadian households were food insecure, representing at least 4.4 million individuals. Food insecurity is disproportionately…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – La Loi sur les langues officielles : comprendre ses principes et son régime d’application) The purpose of the Official Languages Act (OLA) is to ensure respect for English and French as the official languages of Canada. It was enacted in 1969 and revised in 1988; that version of the…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – Régimes linguistiques dans les provinces et les territoires) In Canada, language is an area of shared jurisdiction between the various levels of government. Although the federal government has established its own support measures, it relies on the provinces and territories to help ensure the nationwide recognition of both official languages.…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – Les langues officielles dans la fonction publique fédérale) The purpose of the Official Languages Act (OLA) is to ensure respect for English and French as the official languages of Canada. Pursuant to the OLA and to regulations and current policies, federal institutions are guided by certain fundamental principles that help them ensure the equality of status and use of these two languages in their internal operations, among their employees and in their interactions with the public. The OLA sets out…
(Disponible en français : Résumé – Le système de lobbying à l’échelle fédérale : La Loi sur le lobbying et le Code de déontologie des lobbyistes) The preamble to the Lobbying Act states that free and open access to government is an important matter of public interest, that lobbying public office holders is a legitimate activity, that it…