Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Measuring Democracy examines three widely used democracy indexes: those produced by Freedom House, the Economist Intelligence Unit, and Varieties of Democracy (V‑Dem). This HillStudy explains how these indexes work, how each index evaluates the state of democracy in Canada, how they differ from each other and some possible limitations of… Read More ›
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. From the beginning of World War II until 1950, and again from 1962 to 1970, the value of the Canadian dollar was fixed in relation to the U.S. dollar. The Bank of Canada was responsible for intervening… Read More ›
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. The purpose of Canada’s retirement income system is twofold: to alleviate poverty among seniors and to help seniors who are better off to avoid significant declines in living standards when they retire. This HillStudy outlines the different… Read More ›
Reading Time: 9 minutesDisponible en français. A rental housing co-operative (co-op) is a non-profit corporation in which each member-resident owns one share. A form of community housing, rental co-ops are democratically governed by their members, who may also participate in management and operational… Read More ›
Reading Time: 4 minutesDisponible en français. The federal budget outlines the government’s revenue estimates and expenditure priorities for the fiscal year. It is a key component of the parliamentary financial cycle. The outlook for budgetary revenues and expenses can be found in tables… Read More ›
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Economists view productivity growth as the main long-term determinant of improvements in the average standard of living, as measured by the growth in gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Researchers and policy makers note that a decline… Read More ›
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act and the Companies’ Creditors Arrangement Act provide the legal framework for the resolution of insolvency of individuals and most businesses, through either a bankruptcy or proposal process, or a restructuring process. While the COVID-19 pandemic and related… Read More ›
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. This HillNote highlights key trends in the Canadian economy in the third and fourth quarters of 2022. Recent measures taken by the Bank of Canada in response to an elevated rate of inflation have led to lower… Read More ›
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. The federal government collects revenues and makes expenditures in all provinces. Per capita federal revenues and spending vary from province to province, depending on the economic and demographic conditions in each province. Sources of federal revenues include personal… Read More ›
Reading Time: 3 minutesDisponible en français. The federal budget outlines the government’s revenue estimates and expenditure priorities for the fiscal year. It is a key component of the parliamentary financial cycle. The outlook for budgetary revenues and expenses can be found in tables… Read More ›