Author Archives
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Executive Summary – How the Bank of Canada Creates Money Through its Asset Purchases
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Money is created in the Canadian economy in two main ways: through private commercial bank loans or asset purchases, and through the Bank of Canada’s asset purchases. The majority of money in the economy is created by… Read More ›
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Security on the Korean Peninsula: Canada’s Role
Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. In June 1950, North Korean forces invaded South Korea, beginning the Korean War. Almost 70 years after an armistice was signed and the fighting in that conflict ended, the Korean Peninsula remains one of the world’s most… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Trafficking in Human Organs: An Overview
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. Organ transplantation surgery has saved countless lives since its advent in the 1950s. As the techniques and technologies used in transplantation medicine improve, positive outcomes for donors and recipients are increasing. Demand for this treatment, however, far… Read More ›
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Putting Indigenous Perspectives on the Map: Indigenous Mapping and Place Names*
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. For National Indigenous Peoples Day on June 21, communities across Canada will hold events to celebrate Indigenous cultures and contributions to Canada. Indigenous peoples are working to put Indigenous perspectives on the map of Canada. This HillNote… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Official Languages or National Languages? Canada’s Decision
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. In 2013–2014 and again since June 2020, some Canadian political figures have used the terms “national languages” and “official languages” interchangeably to refer to English and French when discussing the federal language regime. However, these two terms are not equivalent. “Official” status requires the government to… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Canada’s Approach to the Treaty-Making Process
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. In Canada, the treaty-making process is controlled by the executive branch of the federal government, while the Parliament of Canada (“Parliament”) is often responsible for passing legislation to implement international treaties at the federal level. The treaty-making… Read More ›
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Improving Access to Menstrual Products in Canada
Reading Time: 4 minutesNote: This publication was updated in December, 2023: Improving Equitable Access to Menstrual Products in Canada Disponible en français. All over the world, many people who menstruate lack access to safe, hygienic menstrual products, or the means to manage their… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – An Examination of the Duty to Accommodate in the Canadian Human Rights Context
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. This Background Paper provides an overview of the duty to accommodate – a fundamental principle of equality included in all Canadian human rights laws – and describes how that principle has been interpreted and applied in Canadian jurisprudence. The duty… Read More ›
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Judicial Independence of Military Judges
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. In 2020, military judges were forced to direct a stay of proceedings of four courts martial (Edwards, Crépeau [in French], Fontaine [in French], and Iredale) after determining that an order issued by the then-Chief of the Defence… Read More ›
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The Rights of Nature: Canadian and International Developments in Granting Legal Rights to Rivers
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. Environmental laws enacted for the benefit of humans are widespread. Less common are laws that protect nature for its own sake, independent of human interests. In February 2021, the Quebec municipality of Minganie [in French] and the… Read More ›