Author Archives
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Canada–United States Border Security: Drug Trafficking and Irregular Migration
Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. A secure border helps keep the population safe from various criminal threats while allowing for the legal movement of people and goods across the border. With this in mind, States must work together to address major issues,… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Gender Equality in Canada
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. Gender equality means that every person, regardless of their gender identity, has the same rights, responsibilities and opportunities. While in Canada, every individual is equal and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law,… Read More ›
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Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Supreme Court of Canada Case Law
Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. Mandatory minimum sentences are set by Parliament to limit judicial discretion when it comes to imposing punishment. There were six offences with mandatory minimum sentences when the first Criminal Code (the Code) was enacted in 1892, for… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Canadian Citizenship: Practice and Policy
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. Canadian citizenship can be obtained through birth on Canadian soil, by descent through birth or adoption outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen, or through naturalization (the process by which citizenship is obtained by a foreign national)…. Read More ›
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Black History Month at Parliament: Key Dates and Figures
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. February is Black History Month, a time to reflect on the history of Black communities in Canada, and to honour the contributions of Black Canadians. The first Black person to arrive in what is now Canada is… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Canada’s Equalization Formula
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Equalization is a federal transfer payment program designed to reduce the differences in revenue-generating capacity among Canada’s 10 provinces. The program helps ensure that all Canadians have access to broadly comparable levels of public services. The Equalization program is… Read More ›
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The International Framework for Gender Equality
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. The year 2025 marks several significant anniversaries for international gender equality mechanisms. These include the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (the Beijing Declaration), the 25th anniversary of United Nations (UN) Security Council… Read More ›
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U.S. Tariffs on Canadian Goods: Future Possibilities, Past Experiences
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. The United States (U.S.) is Canada’s largest trading partner, and U.S. trade-related actions can have significant impacts on Canada. As Canada faces the prospect of U.S. tariffs in 2025, a summary of U.S. President Donald Trump’s comments… Read More ›
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Long-Term Care Facilities in Canada: How Are They Funded and Regulated?
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. According to census data, approximately 185,000 people lived in Canada’s long-term care (LTC) facilities in 2021. Health Canada defines residential LTC as “living accommodation for people who require on-site delivery of 24 hour, 7 days a week… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – The Notwithstanding Clause of the Charter
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Section 33(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (the Charter) permits Parliament or the legislature of a province to adopt legislation to override certain rights and freedoms for a limited period, subject to renewal. Such a use… Read More ›