Author Archives
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Immigration Detention in Canada
Reading Time: 9 minutesDisponible en français. Canada’s immigration detention system is governed by the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA), the Immigration and Refugee Protection Regulations (the Regulations) and the international human rights treaties ratified by the government. The Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA)… Read More ›
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Leadership Changes and Transfers of Responsibilities in Parliament: The Role of Constitutional Conventions and Other Rules
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. Beyond the strategic, media and political considerations at play in federal party leadership campaigns, there are constitutional conventions and rules, often less well known, governing the departure of leaders and their replacement in the Senate or the… Read More ›
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Making Sense of Canada’s Defence Spending
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. Domestically, discussions about Canada’s defence spending are generally focused on the Department of National Defence (DND), including the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF). However, in reporting their defence spending to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, or the… Read More ›
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Canada–United States Border Security: Drug Trafficking and Irregular Migration
Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. A secure border helps keep the population safe from various criminal threats while allowing for the legal movement of people and goods across the border. With this in mind, States must work together to address major issues,… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Gender Equality in Canada
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. Gender equality means that every person, regardless of their gender identity, has the same rights, responsibilities and opportunities. While in Canada, every individual is equal and has the right to equal protection and benefit of the law,… Read More ›
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Mandatory Minimum Sentences and Section 12 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms: Supreme Court of Canada Case Law
Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. Mandatory minimum sentences are set by Parliament to limit judicial discretion when it comes to imposing punishment. There were six offences with mandatory minimum sentences when the first Criminal Code (the Code) was enacted in 1892, for… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Canadian Citizenship: Practice and Policy
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. Canadian citizenship can be obtained through birth on Canadian soil, by descent through birth or adoption outside of Canada to a Canadian citizen, or through naturalization (the process by which citizenship is obtained by a foreign national)…. Read More ›
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Black History Month at Parliament: Key Dates and Figures
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. February is Black History Month, a time to reflect on the history of Black communities in Canada, and to honour the contributions of Black Canadians. The first Black person to arrive in what is now Canada is… Read More ›
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Executive Summary – Canada’s Equalization Formula
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. Equalization is a federal transfer payment program designed to reduce the differences in revenue-generating capacity among Canada’s 10 provinces. The program helps ensure that all Canadians have access to broadly comparable levels of public services. The Equalization program is… Read More ›
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The International Framework for Gender Equality
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. The year 2025 marks several significant anniversaries for international gender equality mechanisms. These include the 30th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (the Beijing Declaration), the 25th anniversary of United Nations (UN) Security Council… Read More ›