Reading Time: 7 minutesDisponible en français. The Canada–European Union (EU) Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) was signed in October 2016. Since then, the Canadian and European parliaments have adopted the agreement, and 17 of the EU’s 27 member states have ratified it…. Read More ›
Trade
Potash and the Canada–United States Trade Relationship
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. In early 2025, Canadian potash exports became an important issue in the changing trade relationship between Canada and the United States (U.S.). Potash refers to a group of minerals and chemicals that contain potassium, an element vital… Read More ›
U.S. Tariffs on Canadian Goods: Future Possibilities, Past Experiences
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. The United States (U.S.) is Canada’s largest trading partner, and U.S. trade-related actions can have significant impacts on Canada. As Canada faces the prospect of U.S. tariffs in 2025, a summary of U.S. President Donald Trump’s comments… Read More ›
Executive Summary – Grain Transportation in Western Canada
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. With the majority of grains produced in Western Canada intended for export, the grain trade relies on a complex supply chain in which rail transportation is the cornerstone. Rail makes it possible to cover the vast distances… Read More ›
Settling Disputes at the World Trade Organization: Alternatives to Appealing “Into the Void”
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. The dispute-settlement system at the World Trade Organization (WTO) is one of the world’s most frequently used processes for resolving state-to-state disputes. Since the WTO’s creation in 1995, a total of 621 disputes have been referred to it…. Read More ›
The Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement: State-to-State Dispute Settlement
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. On 1 July 2022, the Canada–United States–Mexico Agreement (CUSMA) had been in force for two years. CUSMA superseded the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), in force since 1994. CUSMA contains three dispute-settlement mechanisms, which are contained… Read More ›
Executive Summary – Road Transportation: Heavyweight of the Canadian Economy
Reading Time: < 1 minuteDisponible en français. The trucking sector is one of the most important pillars of transportation in the supply chain. Thanks to Canada’s extensive road network, trucks are the primary mode of transport used to ship goods across the country. The trucking… Read More ›
The Softwood Lumber Dispute Between Canada and the United States: Recent Developments
Reading Time: 6 minutesDisponible en français. Since 1982, when the United States first considered trade measures against Canadian softwood lumber products, there have been bilateral softwood lumber disputes “Softwood Lumber I” through “Softwood Lumber V,” as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 –… Read More ›
Border Carbon Adjustments
Reading Time: 5 minutesDisponible en français. On page 176 of Budget 2021, there is one small paragraph that could have far-reaching implications. There, the Government of Canada announced that it would soon begin consultations on a new carbon pricing measure, known as a… Read More ›
Executive Summary – Canada’s Approach to the Treaty-Making Process
Reading Time: 2 minutesDisponible en français. In Canada, the treaty-making process is controlled by the executive branch of the federal government, while the Parliament of Canada (“Parliament”) is often responsible for passing legislation to implement international treaties at the federal level. The treaty-making… Read More ›